ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To optimize the processing technology of honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma， and to compare the anti-gastric ulcer effect before and after processing. METHODS Combing with entropy-weight and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution model， L（9 34） orthogonal experiment design was adopted to optimize the processing technology of honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma using the comprehensive score of the contents of atractylone， β-cineole， atractylenolide Ⅲ and atractylodine as evaluation index， using the ratio of excipients to medicine， frying temperature and frying time as factors. The validation tests were conducted. The gastric ulcer model of mice was induced by intragastrical administration of anhydrous ethanol； using Compound aluminum hydroxide tablet as positive control， anti-gastric ulcer effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma was compared with that of honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma using the contents of serum inflammatory factors [interleukin-2 （IL-2）， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）]， ulcer index and inhibitory rate of gastric ulcer as evaluation indexes. RESULTS The optimal processing technology of honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma was as follows：ratio of adjuvant and medicinal materials of 3∶10 （g/g）， frying temperature at 140 ℃ and frying time of 4 min. Results of 3 validation tests showed that the contents of 4 components （including atractylone）， in honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma processed by the optimal technology kept stable （RSDs were 3.47%-5.80%， n＝3）； the comprehensive scores were 95.53%-95.89% （RSD＝0.21%， n＝3）. Atractylodis Rhizoma and honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma could increase the serum content of IL-2 in mice， but reduce serum contents of IL-6 and TNF-α to varying degrees； honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma could significantly decrease its ulcer indexes （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）； the improvement effect of honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma on the above indicators was generally better than that of the same dosage of Atractylodis Rhizoma （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）. The inhibitory rates of low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose Atractylodis Rhizoma and honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma to gastric ulcer in mice were 9.18%， 19.30%， 30.70%， and 50.32%， 61.39%， 53.16%， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The optimal processing technology of honey bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma is stable and feasible， and the anti-gastric ulcer effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma has been enhanced after being fried with honey bran.
ABSTRACT
In order to establish the standardized processing technology of the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus, this study, based on the traditional processing method of hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus recorded in ancient works and modern processing specifications of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, took the yield of decoction pieces and the content of main components as the indicators and optimized the processing conditions by orthogonal test based on the results of single factor investigation. At the same time, electronic tongue technology was used to analyze the change law of the taste index of Euodiae Fructus during the hot water washing. The results of the single factor investigation showed that the content of the main components in Euodiae Fructus showed some regular changes during the processing. Specifically, the content of chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, and dehydroevodiamine decreased significantly, with average decreases of-23.75%,-27.80%,-14.04%,-14.03%, and-13.11%, respectively. The content of limonin increased significantly with an average increase of 19.83%. The content of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine, and dihydroevocarpine showed fluctuating changes and generally increased, with average variation amplitudes of 0.54%,-3.78%, 2.69%, and 5.13%, respectively. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum processing parameters for the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus were as follows: washing time of 2 min, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10 g·mL~(-1), washing temperature of 80 ℃, washing once, and drying at 50 ℃. After the hot water washing processing, the average yield of Euodiae Fructus pieces was 94.80%. The content of limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine was higher than those of raw pro-ducts, and the average transfer rates were 102.56%, 103.15%, and 105.16%, respectively. The content of dehydroevodiamine was lower than that of the raw products, and the average transfer rate was 83.04%. The results of taste analysis showed that the hot water washing could significantly reduce the salty, astringent, and bitter tastes of Euodiae Fructus. This study revealed the influence of the hot water washing on the content of main components and taste of Euodiae Fructus, and the processing technology of the hot water was-hing of Euodiae Fructus established in this study was stable, feasible, and suitable for industrial production, which laid a foundation for clarifying its processing principle and improving the quality standard and clinical application value of decoction pieces.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Taste , Limonins , Technology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To optimize the pressurized processing technology of Strychnos nux-vomica boiled with mung beans. METHODS The least squares method was used to establish a one-dimensional model for the effects of four factors， namely， processing time， processing pressure， mung bean dosage and water added， on the contents of strychnine and toxiferine， and the multivariate model hypothesis was proposed by analyzing the function of one-dimensional model. Based on the orthogonal experiment， the genetic algorithm was used to solve the undetermined coefficients in the model. A bi-objective optimization model based on strychnine and toxiferine content was constructed according to the actual conditions， and the optimal technology was obtained by solving the model function and validated. RESULTS The optimal processing technology was boiling S. nux-vomica with mung beans at 2.393 MPa saturated steam pressure for 5.5 h， and then draining； rinsing to remove mung beans， scraping off the bark of S. nux-vomica and cutting into slice of 0.6 mm； using 180 g of mung beans and 15 L of water per 500 g of S. nux- vomica. CONCLUSIONS The optimized pressurized processing technology is stable and feasible， and can provide a reference for the optimization of processing technology of S. nux-vomica boiled with mung beans.
ABSTRACT
PVC resin is widely used in medical and other industrial fields because of its good chemical corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low cost and simple production. In this study, the related research progress in the influence of resin polymerization degree, processing technology and processing aids on the mechanical properties of PVC was reviewed, and the influence rules of processing aids on the properties of PVC was analyzed. Relevant research results show that the increase of the resin polymerization degree can increase the strength of PVC, but at the same time reduce the toughness. The use of compression molding process is beneficial to improve the strength and modulus of PVC. The use of injection molding process is beneficial to improve the plasticity and toughness of the PVC. Properly increasing the processing temperature and the blending time can improve the toughness of PVC. Adding heat stabilizers can improve the plasticity, toughness and strength of PVC. Adding plasticizers can improve the strength and toughness of PVC. Adding modifiers can improve the strength and toughness of PVC.
ABSTRACT
As a traditional Chinese medicinal material， Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is often used as medicine after steaming to reduce its pungency and give full play to its medicinal effects. By consulting the relevant literature， this paper intends to sort out the related researches on the processing history， modern processing standard records， flavor and meridian tropism， efficacy， processing and taking methods， processing technology， chemical composition， pharmacological effects and quality analysis of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. It is found that the processing methods of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are mainly roasting， distilled into dew， aging， frying， salting and steaming， of which steaming is the most common. In modern times， steaming is mainly used in Guangdong and Sichuan. The descriptions of flavor and meridian tropism and efficacy of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are basically consistent with the modern descriptions. Its taste is pungent， bitter and acidic， and it is warm in nature. It belongs to the liver， spleen， stomach and lung meridians. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus contains volatile oil， flavonoids and their glycosides， coumarins and limonins and other compounds. In recent years， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） and other methods are commonly used for the chemical composition analysis. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus has the activities of relieving cough， reducing phlegm， relieving asthma， anti-inflammation， anti-bacteria and anti-oxidation， etc. After processing， its volatile and non-volatile components， and pharmacological effects all have a certain change. However， the current research on processing of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is not in-depth enough. It is necessary to further analyze the material basis of steaming to reduce dryness， explore its dryness medicinal substances and dryness-effect quantitative correlation， so as to clarify its processing mechanism， and provide basis for the subsequent processing research， resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the future.
ABSTRACT
With the rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou in the Western Han Dynasty as the re-ference, the present study evaluated the quality of Rehmanniae Radix and investigated the processing technology of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix to lay the foundation for the research on rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix products. With catalpol and rehmannioside D as the investigation indexes, the quality and grade of Rehmanniae Radix from different producing areas were evaluated with the methods in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. UPLC method was established for the determination of catalpol and rehmannioside D in the rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix. The effects of steaming time, the amount of supplementary rice, and steaming times in the rice-steamed processing on the quality of products were investigated by L_9(3~4) orthogonal test and multi-index comprehensive balance scoring method combined with the content of catalpol and rehmannioside D and appearance characteristics. At last, the stability of the processing technology was tested. The results showed that the optimal processing technology for rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix was as follows: Rehmanniae Radix and rice(200 g∶4 g) were steamed twice at atmospheric pressure, four hours each time. The mass fractions of catalpol and rehmannioside D were 0.184% and 0.335%, respectively, and the character score was 6.5. The processing conditions are reaso-nable, stable, and feasible. It can provide a basis for the restoration of the ancient rice-steamed processing technology and references for the development of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix products in the future.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Oryza , Plant Extracts , Rehmannia , TechnologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To optimize th e p rocessing technology of Portulaca oleracea charcoal，and to investigate its improvement effect on the symptom of hemorrhoid model rats. METHODS The effects of roasting temperature ，dosage and roasting time on the processing technology of P. oleracea charcoal were investigated with Box-Behnken response surface methodology using comprehensive score of tannin content ，water-soluble extract content and appearance properties as the index. The optimal process parameters are selected and verified. The hemorrhoid model rats were treated with P. oleracea charcoal（0.8 g/mL）prepared by the optimal processing technology ，once a day ，for 11 days. After last medication ，the perianal pathological score of hemorrhoid model rats were performed ；serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α），interleukin 6（IL-6）and IL- 1β were detected. RESULTS The optimal processing technology of P. oleracea charcoal included roasting temperature of 200 ℃， dosage of 150 g and roasting time of 14 min. Results of validation test showed that the comprehensive score of P. oleracea charcoal was 92.57，and relative error of it with predicted value （96.59）was －4.13％. External use of P. oleracea charcoal 0.8 g/mL prepared by the optimal processing technology could significantly promote the wound healing of hemorrhoid model rats ，reduced the amount of exudate ，and decreased the levels of TNF-α，IL-6 and IL-β in serum. CONCLUSIONS The optimized processing technology of P. oleracea charcoal is feasible. P. oleracea charcoal prepared by the optimized processing technology has good curative effect on the symptom of hemorrhoid model rats.
ABSTRACT
Citri Reticulatae Semen is a traditional Chinese medicine in our country. By referring to the relevant literature and materials such as the works of ancient and modern materia medica， this paper summarizes the historical evolution of processing， quality analysis， pharmacological effects and other aspects of Citri Reticulatae Semen. The results showed that the processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Semen in the past dynasties mainly included stir-frying， processing with wine， baking with wine， etc. The modern stir-baking with salt solution was developed on the basis of the ancient stir-frying with green salt， most of the national and provincial processing standards contained crude and salt-processed products of Citri Reticulatae Semen. The properties and flavors of Citri Reticulatae Semen in the past dynasties were basically consistent with those in modern times. It is bitter in taste and neutral in nature. It belongs to the liver and kidney meridians and has the effects of regulating Qi， dispersing knots and relieving pain. Citri Reticulatae Semen contains limonins， fatty acids， proteins and mineral elements， etc. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and thin layer chromatography （TLC） were commonly used to detect and analyze Citri Reticulatae Semen. Citri Reticulatae Semen has anti-tumor， anti-inflammatory， analgesic and antibacterial activities， and processing can change the content of its chemical components to a certain extent. In a word， the current research about Citri Reticulatae Semen is not enough in-depth， it is necessary to further analyze the material basis of efficacy of Citri Reticulatae Semen and its processed products， explore the change law of chemical components before and after processing and the relationship between chemical composition and activity， and clarify the processing mechanism for providing scientific basis for its standardized processing， quality control and clinical rational use.
ABSTRACT
China has a long history of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma processing with multiple methods available. The pre-sent study collated and summarized the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma processing methods recorded in 23 related herbal medicine books, all editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the 1988 edition of National Regulations for Processing of Chinese Medicine, and 20 current local processing specifications and standards. The results demonstrated various processing methods of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, such as removing residual part of stem, plantlet, or soil, smashing, filing, cutting, decocting, washing with wine, soaking in wine, and stir-frying with wine or blood from pig heart, while raw and wine-processed products are mainly used in modern times. Due to the lack of unified standards, the phenomena of multiple methods adopted in one place and different methods in different places have led to uneven quality of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma pieces, even affecting the safety and effectiveness of its clinical medication. This study is expected to provide a reference for the development of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma processing and its rational medication.
Subject(s)
Animals , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Plant Roots , Rhizome , Salvia miltiorrhiza , SwineABSTRACT
Indigo Naturalis has a long history of medicinal use with particularity and complexity in its processing. Before the Ming dynasty,Indigo Naturalis was extracted from the top layer of zymotic fluid,called " purified Indigo Naturalis". In modern processing,the precipitate " crude Indigo Naturalis" is dried to produce Indigo Naturalis after impurity removal. The form of Indigo Naturalis slices has undergone significant changes in ancient and modern times. In view of this,the quality comparison between crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis was conducted in this study with modern analytical techniques. Firstly,chemical composition was analyzed with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS,and the chemical composition of scent with HS-SPME/GC-MS/MS. The content of indigo,indirubin,total ash,and water-soluble extract was determined as well as the inorganic composition in crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis. Then,their microscopic morphology was observed and the surface element composition was investigated. Finally,the antipyretic activities of crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis were compared in the fever rat model induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The results demonstrated that the purified Indigo Naturalis had a faster and more lasting antipyretic effect,while the crude Indigo Naturalis had almost no antipyretic effect. This study is of great significance to the research on processing technology of Indigo Naturalis and provides reference for the formulation of its quality standards,production specifications and calibration procedures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Indigo Carmine , Indigofera , Plant Extracts , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To establish the microwave processing technology of yellow wine-processed Curculigo orchioides ， and compare it with traditional technology. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of curculigoside ， orcinol glucoside and orcinol gentiobioside in C. orchioides . Based on the single factor tests ，microwave processing technology was optimized and validated with orthogonal test combined with comprehensive weighted scoring method ，with the amount of yellow wine，microwave power ，wetting time and microwave time as factors ，using the contents of curculigoside ，orcinol glucoside ， orcinol gentiobioside and ethanol soluble extract as the indexes. The contents of C. orchioides decoction pieces and processed products were compared. RESULTS ：The optimal microwave processing technology included that the amount of yellow wine was 20％（the weight of C. orchioides decoction pieces was 20％），microwave power was 300 W，wetting time was 3 h，microwave time was 2 min. After 3 times of validation tests ，average contents of curculigoside，orcinol glucoside ，orcinol gentiobioside and ethanol soluble extract were 0.095 6％，0.723 9％，0.406 6％，10.115 3％，and RSD were 0.71％，0.54％，0.99％，1.44％（n＝3）. Average comprehensive score were 99.08（RSD＝0.69％，n＝3）. Except for the content of ethanol soluble extract in traditional wine-processed product ，the contents of curculigoside and orcinol gentiobioside in traditional wine-processed product and microwave processed product as well as the content of ethanol soluble extract in microwave processed product were all significantly higher than C. orchioides decoction pieces ；the contents of curculigoside and orcinol gentiobioside in microwave processed product were both significantly higher than traditional wine-processed product （P＜0.05）. The contents of orcinol glucoside in 2 processed product were significantly lower than C. orchioides decoction pieces ，while the microwave processed product was significantly higher than traditional wine-processed product （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Optimized microwave processing technology is stable and feasible ，and can be used for the processing of yellow wine-processed C. orchioides .
ABSTRACT
Sojae Semen Germinatum was firstly recorded in Shennong Bencaojing， and it has a long history of edible and medicinal use. Most ancient medical practitioners described that Sojae Semen Germinatum was processed with black soya bean， while some others recorded that Sojae Semen Germinatum was processed with black soya bean and soybean or with soybean only. In modern times， black soya bean and soybean are both used. Before the Northern and Southern dynasties， the germination process of Sojae Semen Germinatum was mostly soil culture， and then changed into water culture later. The medicinal part of Sojae Semen Germinatum may also change from the initial aboveground part to the whole processed products including the soybean and the bud. The bud length was used to control the processing ending of Sojae Semen Germinatum， but there were different views of the bud length in ancient and modern times. Before the Tang dynasty， Sojae Semen Germinatum was mostly used directly. Since the Tang dynasty， various subsequent processed products of Sojae Semen Germinatum appeared. Most ancient medical practitioners confirmed that Sojae Semen Germinatum was sweet flavor， neutral in nature and non-toxic， and the mainstream believed that it belonged to the spleen， lung and stomach meridians. However， there were different opinions on its efficacy of relieving exterior syndrome by diaphoresis. In this paper， the evolution of Sojae Semen Germinatum was explored after consulting all kinds of ancient books， its historical name， processing history， quality evaluation and others were systematically summarized in order to clarify its historical development and lay a good foundation for the clinical use and further development of Sojae Semen Germinatum.
ABSTRACT
As a new technology with unique drug delivery advantages， nanoemulsion has been widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） preparations. By searching， classifying and sorting out the literature reports at home and abroad in recent years， this paper systematically expounded the application advantages and production mechanism of nanoemulsion in delivering effective components of TCM from three aspects of improving oral bioavailability， enhancing targeting effect and delaying drug release. The current formulation optimization strategies， preparation processes and quality evaluation indicators commonly used in TCM nanoemulsion were summarized. Based on the research status of TCM nanoemulsion with different active components， the common problems and possible solutions in the development of TCM nanoemulsion were discussed， and the future research hotspots and directions of TCM nanoemulsion were prospected. This article clarifies the feasibility of nanoemulsion for enriching the selection of TCM dosage forms， which can provide reference for the subsequent rational design and improvement of TCM preparations. At the same time， it is revealed that the research focus of TCM nanoemulsion in the future lies in the integrated research of TCM compounds， and shows a trend of multi-disciplinary joint and targeted research.
ABSTRACT
To standardize the processing technology of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata and stabilize its quality, the similar change laws of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata with different processing methods and time were analyzed. The processing time of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata was studied at 24, 32, 40, 48 h, and 4 different processing methods were studied, namely stewed with black bean sauce, steamed, steamed with black bean sauce, and steamed with black bean sauce and rice wine. The content of stilbene glycosides and anthraquinones were determined by HPLC-DAD method. UV method was used to determine the content of polysaccharides, and HPLC-ELSD method was used to determine the monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. The comparative chart of content determination, cluster analysis and entropy weight TOPSIS model was used to find the similar change laws and time interval of different processing methods of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. The results demonstrated that around 32 h, the content of nine components in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata with different processing methods had similar change laws, and the decoction pieces had a high quality, indicating that the four processing methods of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata are likely to be used as one type of decoction piece with the same name.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Glycosides , Plant Roots , PolygonumABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To optimize the microwave processing technology of yellow wine-processed Corydalis yanhusuo . METHODS：The contents of opioid alkaloid ，berberine hydrochloride and tetrahydropalmatine in C. yanhusuo processed with yellow wine were determined by HPLC. The contents of the extracts were determined by hot dipping method. Based on the single factor tests ，using the appearance of yellow wine-processed C. yanhusuo with microwave processing technology ，the contents of extract，opioid alkaloid ，berberine hydrochloride and tetrahydropalmatine as indexes ，with the amount of yellow wine ，wetting time，microwave power and microwaving time as factors ，the processing technology was optimized with orthogonal test combined with comprehensive weighted scoring method ，and then validated and compared with traditional yellow wine-processed C. yanhusuo . RESULTS：The linear ranges of opioid alkaloid ，berberine hydrochloride and tetrahydropalmatine were 0.100-1.500 μg（R2＝0.999 6）， 0.012-0.188 μg（R2＝0.999 5），0.050-0.750 μg（R2＝0.999 8）. RSDs of precision ，stability（12 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 2％ . The recoveries were 99.15％ -100.34％（RSD＝0.54％ ，n＝6），99.52％ -100.78％（RSD＝0.69％ ，n＝6）， 99.26％-99.79％（RSD＝0.28％，n＝6）. The optimum microwave processing technology included that the amount of yellow wine was 4 g（about 20％ of medicinal material amount ），microwave power was 40％，wetting time was 3 hour，processing time was 3 min. The results of three verification tests showed that the contents of extract ，opioid alkaloid ，berberine hydrochloride and tetrahydropalmatine were 15.7％-16.1％，0.061％-0.063％，0.003％-0.004％ and 0.061％-0.063％. The comprehensive scores were 97.916，94.730 and 97.217，and RSD were 0.42％，0.38％，0.46％（n＝3），respectively. Compared with traditional yellow wine processing technology ，there was no significant difference in the contents of opioid alkaloid and other components ，but no scorched spot and crumbs was found in yellow wine-processed C. yanhusuo with microwave processing technology. CONCLUSIONS：Established method for content determination is simple ，accurate，reliable and reproducible ，and can be used for quantitative analysis of active components in yellow wine-processed C. yanhusuo . Optimized microw ave processing technology is stable and feasible ，and can be used for the processing of yellow wine-processed C. yanhusuo .
ABSTRACT
Objective: Based on response surface methodology, HPLC was applied to quantitatively determine the optimal processing technology of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (GRRPM) from the perspective of multi-index and comprehensive evaluation. Methods: HPLC was used for quantitative analysis, and the content of liquiritin, liquiritigenin, licochalcone A and glycyrrhetinic acid was used as inspection indexes. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of the adding amount of honey, steaming and soaking time, frying temperature and frying time on the processing technology of GRRPM, and to optimize the optimal processing technology of GRRPM. Results: The chromatographic column was Diamonsil C18 (2) (4.6 mm × 200 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate aqueous solution, gradient eluting: 0-20 min, 12%-32% acetonitrile; 20-45 min, 32%-70% acetonitrile; 45-75 min, 70%-97% acetonitrile, with detection wavelength of 260 nm, column temperature of 20 ℃, and flow rate of 1 mL/min; Using liquiritin as internal standard, the relative correction factors of glycyrrhizin, licochalcone A, glycyrrhizinic acid and their relative correction factors were determined and calculated to be 0.56, 0.64 and 1.42, respectively. The optimum processing process of GRRPM was as follows: the amount of honey was 1/4, the soaking time was 15 min, frying pan bottom temperature was 160 ℃, and frying time was 13 min. Conclusion: The results of systematic adaptability investigation of the experimental content determination method meet the requirements. The best processing scheme of GRRPM optimized by response surface methodology is feasible and provides scientific basis for formulating quality standards and modern research of GRRPM.
ABSTRACT
The nine times steaming and nine times shining processing method of Polygonatum cyrtonema was originated in ancient China and developed in modern times. The historical evolution of its processing technology includes raw-used, single-steamed, re-steamed, nine times steaming and nine times shining. It can eliminate toxicity, enhance curative effect, change meridians, facilitate storage and eliminate bacteria and so on. After nine times steaming and nine times shining, the chemical composition and drug efficacy of P. cyrtonema changed significantly, and it is widely used in medicine, health care products, common food, cosmetics and other fields. The historical evolution, processing mechanism, composition change, and clinical application of P. cyrtonema are reviewed in this paper, which provide a scientific basis for optimizing the nine times steaming and nine times shining technology of P. cyrtonema, lay the foundation for establishing the quality control standard control system, and provide a reference for the study of observing the ancient processing.
ABSTRACT
The iterative innovation of processing technology is one of the important tasks in studies on processing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). It is also the prerequisite for modern, refined, automatic and intelligent manufacturing of TCM pieces. Microwave processing is a new fire processing technique developed in the recent 30 years, with a unique thermodynamic form, and energy transfer and transformation laws. Moreover, it owns the advantages of a high processing efficiency, good product properties and low production energy consumption, with great application prospects. This paper introduced the study overview of microwave expansion technology in the food industry, reviewed the origin of microwave processing technology of TCM, and expounded the basic concept, principle and main purpose of microwave processing technology used in TCM. Then, the impacts of drug factors and microwave factors on the microwave processing effect were summarized, the industrial equipment that could be used for microwave processing was listed, and the impacts of microwave heating on starch, polysaccharide, protein and other components in Chinese herbal medicines were analyzed. Furthermore, the study advance of microwave processing of 14 herbs was investigated, including Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Asini Corii Colla; and the appearance and components of herbs processed by traditional processing method and microwave processing method were compared, so as to reveal the opportunities and challenges of microwave processing technology in the industrial transformation. We hoped that the systematic study of microwave processing technology could provide new ideas and techniques for the high-quality and high-level development of the TCM pieces industry in the new era, and promote its inheritance, innovation and transformation.
Subject(s)
Aconitum , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Microwaves , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Objective To establish the best wine steaming process for morinda officinalis with monotropein as indicator. Methods Response surface methodology was used to optimize the wine steaming process for morinda officinalis with the amount of rice wine, stewing time, moistening time and the monotropein content as evaluation indexes. Results The best condition was identified with rice wine (rice wine/herbs, g/g) 10%, moistening time 1.0 h, fully steamed and dried. Conclusion The Star dot design-response surface method can be used to optimize the wine steaming process for morinda officinalis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To optimize the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen with the specific process parameters, and verify the obtained processing technology by pharmacodynamic research, so as to provide experimental basis for the standardized production and quality control of this decoction pieces. Method:Taking composite score of appearance character score, dry extract yield and contents of three components (geniposidic acid, acteoside and isoacteoside) as index, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-criteria importance through intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) mixed weighting method was used to determine the weight coefficient of each index. Based on single factor tests, the response surface method was used to investigate the effects of frying time, frying temperature, salt amount and water amount on the processing technology of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen, and the processing technology was verified by diuretic experiment with furosemide tablets as the positive drug (administration dose of 0.01 g·kg-1). Result:The weight coefficients of geniposidic acid content, acteoside content, appearance character score, isoacteoside content and dry extract yield were 0.319, 0.193, 0.207, 0.273 and 0.008, respectively. The optimal process parameters were as following：fried at 150-180 ℃ for 10 min (obtained from the single factor tests), 100 g of Plantaginis Semen sprayed evenly with 2 g of salt (2 g of salt dissolved in 20 mL of water), and fried at 150-180 ℃ for 15 min. Compared with the blank group, both of the raw products group and the salt-processed products group could significantly increase the secretion of urine volume (P<0.01), but the excretion of Na+ in the urine of rats in the salt-processed products group was significantly higher than that in the raw products group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The optimized processing technology is simple and feasible, which can provide reference for standardizing the industrial production of salt-processed products of Plantaginis Semen. At the same time, combined with inherent quality and appearance of the salt-processed products, and verified by pharmacodynamic test, the obtained results are reasonable and reliable, which can be used for quality control of this decoction pieces.